Useful Tips On How to Write a Research Paper

How to Write a Research Paper Research papers are the bread and butter of the academia. From them new ideas spring forth, offering breakthroughs and innovations that could help shape the world for the better. . . or not. Even if youre not an academic or a professional researcher, there will be times when research papers will be expected of you. This may be in a school (especially when youre a student) or a work setting, where you will be required to put into formalized writing your thoughts, analysis, arguments, and perspectives about a particular subject. There is no universal template or guideline for writing research papers. A professor might limit you to a certain number of pages and words or give you a certain format to follow, but in some cases, you might be given free rein on how you will present your research. The whole writing process can be a bit daunting, but fear not, even those who write papers for a living still have problems on how to go about the research paper writing process. Here are some of th e things that you need to know about before starting: 1. Be Extremely Specific With Your Topic Take on such a wide-ranging subject as The Importance of Human Ecology and theres bound to be someone out there who had already written about the subject before you. Your research paper should add something new to the field- it should not be a collection of other peoples perspectives and arguments. What specific aspect of human ecology do you want to focus on? Instead of The Importance of Human Ecology you might want to narrow it down to Human Ecology in the Victorian Era or any other timeframe or location that you can think of. The more specific it is, the better. 2. Start With Your Thesis Your thesis should be something that can be summarized in just one sentence alone. This is your belief, your point, that you will try to prove (using academic and scientific sources) in your research paper. It will also act as a guideline for your writing. When in doubt about a particular sentence, you could ask yourself- Does this support the point that Im making? Will this sentence prop up my thesis and make it clearer? If it doesnt and is merely fluff (as what usually happens with students trying to meet word counts), then cut it out. 3. Make Sure That Your Sources Are Legit Your sources should not come from tabloids and random blog posts on the Internet. Even if you do cite online sources, make sure that these came from online  reference  databases (eLibrary, ProQuest, etcetera), government publications, trusted magazines and newspapers, and academic websites. Stuck on your research paper? Our professional writers can help you. Ask us write my research paper for me and  get a brilliant paper on time. 4. Be Objective A research paper is not an opinion piece. To get your point across, you need to be as impartial as you could possibly be. Here are some tips to avoid bias in your writing: Always use credible sources. Random blog posts is a no-no. Scholarly journals and articles are often youre best bet, and websites with domains like .edu, .gov, and .org. Evaluation is the key here. READ your sources before you include them in your research. Cut out first- and second-person pronouns. It is understood that the research paper is written by you and everything that is not cited or attributed to another source is yours and yours alone. Theres no need to mention I or me or mine in there. Second-person pronouns (i.e. you) are too informal and have no place in a formal and academic research paper. Explore every side of the argument. A research paper should be balanced. If there exist thoughts and arguments that are counter to your own, put them in, explain them thoroughly and refute them using supporting evidence. This is where your logic skills come into play. You need to make the reader understand why your point is more logical and stronger than others.

Henry J. Raymond

Henry J. Raymond Henry J. Raymond, political activist and journalist, founded the New York Times in 1851 and served as its dominant editorial voice for nearly two decades. When Raymond launched the Times, New York City was already home to thriving newspapers edited by prominent editors such as Horace Greeley and James Gordon Bennett. But the 31-year-old Raymond believed he could provide the public with something new, a newspaper devoted to honest and reliable coverage without overt political crusading. Despite Raymonds deliberately moderate stance as a journalist, he was always quite active in politics. He was prominent in Whig Party affairs until the mid-1850s, when he became an early supporter of the new anti-slavery Republican Party. Raymond and the New York Times helped bring Abraham Lincoln to national prominence after his February 1860 speech at Cooper Union, and the newspaper supported Lincoln and the Union cause throughout the Civil War. Following the Civil War, Raymond, who had been the chairman of the National Republican Party, served in the House of Representatives. He was involved in a number of controversies over Reconstruction policy and his time in Congress was extremely difficult. Habitually afflicted by overwork, Raymond died of a cerebral hemorrhage at the age  of 49. His legacy was the creation of the New York Times and what amounted to a new style of journalism focused on the honest presentation of both sides of critical issues. Early Life Henry Jarvis Raymond was born in Lima, New York, on January 24, 1820. His family owned a prosperous farm and young Henry received a good childhood education. He graduated from the University of Vermont in 1840, though not after becoming dangerously ill from overwork.   While in college he began to contribute  essays to a magazine edited by Horace Greeley. And after college he secured a job working for Greeley at his new newspaper, the New York Tribune. Raymond took to city journalism, and became indoctrinated with the idea that newspapers should perform a social service. Raymond befriended a young man in the Tribunes business office, George Jones, and the two began to think about forming their own newspaper. The idea was put on hold while Jones went to work for a bank in Albany, New York,  and Raymonds career took him to other newspapers and deepening involvement with Whig Party politics. In 1849, while working for a New York City newspaper, the Courier and Examiner, Raymond  was elected to the New York State legislature. He  was soon elected speaker of the assembly, but was determined to launch his own newspaper. In early 1851 Raymond was conversing with his friend George Jones in Albany, and they finally decided to start  their own newspaper. Founding of the New York Times With some investors from Albany and New York City, Jones and Raymond set about finding an office, purchasing a new Hoe printing press, and recruiting staff. And on September 18, 1851 the first edition appeared. On page two of the first issue Raymond issued a lengthy statement of purpose under the headline A Word About Ourselves. He explained that the paper was priced at one cent so as to obtain a large circulation and corresponding influence. He also took issue with speculation and gossip about the new paper which had circulated throughout the summer of 1851. He mentioned that the Times was rumored to be supporting several different, and contradictory, candidates. Raymond spoke eloquently about how the new paper would address issues, and he seemed to be making reference to the two dominant temperamental editors of the day, Greeley of the New York Tribune and Bennett of the New York Herald: We do not mean to write as if we were in a passion, unless that shall really be the case; and we shall make it a point to get into a passion as rarely as possible. There are very few things in this world which it is worthwhile to get angry about; and they are just the things that anger will not improve. In controversies with other journals, with individuals, or with parties, we shall engage only when, in our opinion, some important public interest can be promoted thereby; and even then, we shall endeavor to rely more upon fair argument than upon misrepresentation or abusive language. The new newspaper was successful, but its first years were difficult. Its hard to imagine the New York Tijmes as the scrappy upstart, but thats what it was as compared to Greeleys Tribune or Bennetts Herald. An incident from the early years of the Times demonstrates the competition among New York City newspapers at the time. When the steamship Arctic sank in September 1854, James Gordon Bennett arranged to have an interview with a survivor. Editors at the Times thought it unfair that Bennett and the Herald would have an exclusive interview, as the newspapers tended to cooperate in such matters. So the Times managed to get the earliest copies of the Heralds interview and set it in type and rushed their version out to the street first. By 1854 standards, the New York Times had essentially hacked the more established Herald. The antagonism between Bennett and Raymond percolated for years. In a move that would surprise those familiar with the modern New York Times, the newspaper published a mean-spirited ethnic caricature of Bennett in December 1861. The front-page cartoon depicted Bennett, who had been born in Scotland, as a devil playing a bagpipe. Talented Journalist Though Raymond was only 31 when he began editing the New York Times, he was already an accomplished journalist known for solid reporting skills and an astounding ability to not only write well but write very fast. Many stories were told about Raymonds ability to write quickly in longhand, immediately handing the pages to compositors who would set his words into type. A famous example was when the politician and great orator Daniel Webster died in October 1852. On October 25, 1852, the New York Times published a lengthy biography of Webster running to 26 columns. A  friend and colleague of Raymonds later recalled that Raymond had written 16 columns of it himself. He essentially wrote three complete pages of a daily newspaper in a few hours, between the time the news arrived by telegraph and the time the type had to go to press. Besides being an inordinately talented writer, Raymond loved the competition of city journalism. He guided the Times when they battled to be first on stories, such as when the steamship Arctic sank in September 1854 and all the papers were scrambling to get the news. Support for Lincoln In the early 1850s Raymond, like many others, gravitated to the new Republican Party as the Whig Party essentially dissolved. And when Abraham Lincoln began to rise to prominence in Republican circles, Raymond recognized him as having presidential potential. At the 1860 Republican convention, Raymond supported the candidacy of fellow New Yorker William Seward. But once Lincoln was nominated Raymond, and the New York Times, supported him. In 1864 Raymond was very active at the Republican National Convention at which Lincoln was renominated and Andrew Johnson added to the ticket. During that summer Raymond wrote to Lincoln expressing his fear that Lincoln would lose in November. But with military victories in the fall, Lincoln won a second term. Lincolns second term, of course, only lasted six weeks. Raymond, who had been elected to Congress, found himself generally at odds with the more radical members of his own party, including Thaddeus Stevens. Raymonds time in Congress was generally disastrous. It was often observed that his success in journalism did not extend to politics, and he would have been better off to stay out of politics entirely. The Republican Party did not renominate Raymond to run for Congress in 1868. And by that time he was exhausted from the constant internal warfare in the party.   On the morning of Friday, June 18, 1869, Raymond died, of an apparent cerebral hemorrhage, at his home in Greenwich Village.  The next days New York Times was published with thick black mourning borders between the columns on page one. The newspapers story announcing his death began: It is our sad duty to announce the death of Mr. Henry J. Raymond, the founder and editor of the Times, who died suddenly at his residence yesterday morning of an attack of apoplexy. The intelligence of this painful event, which has robbed American journalism of one of its more eminent supporters, and deprived the nation of a patriotic statesman, whose wise and moderate counsels can ill be spared at the present juncture of affairs, will be received with deep sorrow throughout the country, not alone by those who enjoyed his personal friendship, and shared his political convictions, but by those also who knew him only as a journalist and public man. His death will be felt as a national loss. Legacy of Henry J. Raymond Following the death of Raymond, the New York Times endured. And the ideas advanced by Raymond, that newspapers should report both sides of an issue and show moderation, eventually became standard in American journalism. Raymond was often criticized for not being able to make up his mind about about an issue, unlike his competitors Greeley and Bennett. He addressed that quirk of his own personality directly: If those of my friends who call me a waverer  could only know how impossible it is for me to see but one aspect of a question, or to espouse but one side of a cause, they would pity rather than condemn me; and however much I may wish myself differently constituted, yet I cannot unmake the original structure of my mind. His death at such a young age came as a shock to New York City and especially its journalistic community. The following day the main competitors of the New York Times, Greeleys Tribune and Bennetts Herald, printed heartfelt  tributes to Raymond.

Should people ban testing on animals based upon people unethical Essay

Should people ban testing on animals based upon people unethical research of animal - Essay Example Since decades, animals are used for the purpose of testing in order to accomplish the objectives of experiments. Scientifically, animal testing is termed to be beneficial for many inventions, but it is also not without certain ethical issues related with animal rights. The practice of animal testing has its long story, which can be found rooted since when the ancient Greek people used animal for their experiments and in many rituals to gain beauty and good health. While then the human society had limited concern about the living rights of animals, modern day philosophers and activists have been into debates as to whether animal testing should be banned with due consideration to its positive contributions towards the development of the society (PRISM, â€Å"The Connection between Animal Testing, the Environment, and Human Health†). Emphasizing this context, the objective of the paper is to argue regarding the negatives and positives associated with animal testing in order to take a stand in opposition of banning animal testing. Hence, the thesis of the paper will aim to support animal testing for innovation and for the development of medical research emphasizing its positive effects and critically assessing the negatives associated with the same. Arguments in contradiction to animal testing have long been encouraged by activists and philosophists in the society. However, it cannot be ignored that there are some fields where the experiments upon animal are mandatory in nature for the overall enhancement of the society and also for new inventions. Illustratively, the biomedical field is such an example wherein animal testing is mandatory for the research to be a success. It is evident, that scientists in the present day, with the help of advance technology, are inventing new options in the area of medical research to support the human life system. For instance, researchers, through animal

Deficit Spending Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Deficit Spending - Essay Example Deficit financing has many advantages that benefit the economy in times of economic trouble but it has many disadvantages and overemphasis on it may turn hazardous for the economy. In a modern economy, budget deficit often evolve due to some common reasons like increase in government expenditure, fall in aggregate income level, inefficiency in the tax collection mechanism, subsidies granted by government in diverse sectors of the economy and so on. All these results in diminished pool of the state exchequer causing budget deficit wherein the mechanism of budget deficit by the government make its intervention coming with its own set of advantages. As discussed earlier, with two major tools like borrowing and printing new currency, the economy experiences development in infrastructure with capital infusion which in turn propels productivity boom in essential sectors like education, medicine and real estate to name a few. Money supply within the economy increases that as a spillover effect increase price level (although inflation acts as a predicament) of the economy that fetches gains to the producers in the supply side luring investments. One of the major advan tages of deficit financing is that it increases the aggregate demand within the economy increasing employment opportunities, income and thus more investments (Hajela, 2010, p. 348). After analyzing the advantages of deficit financing, it can be stated that there are some disadvantages of it as well. Inflation is one of the most prominent disadvantage or evil effects of deficit financing. If deficit financing cannot be controlled in a proper manner then inflationary pressure will increase. As for instance, in case of production owing to excess capacity deficiency, discrepancies between demand and supply of goods within the market and shortage of complementary factors coupled with increase in money supply accelerates inflationary pressure. Apart from that some

Personal goal and professional goal Essay Example for Free

Personal goal and professional goal Essay Submit a statement that discusses your career goals, as well as the factors that led you to select the Mid-Career MPA program as a means of furthering your personal and professional goals. Be as specific as possible in describing how your expected course of study will enable you to build on your prior professional experience and achieve these goals (750 word limit). Economic development and welfare of the people are the natural fit with my personality traits from my childhood which allowed me to choose the highest level of Federal Civil Service Examination of India and got selected in this merit based competitive examination. Candidates with different To get the blend of all the fields I was the class monitor up to class 5th; class president from 6th to 11th class to conduct the weekly debates, secretary of the scientific society in college, in Students’ Union at Indian School of Mines, club secretary in Ordnance Factory, and secretary, Residence Welfare Association. I was in National Cadet Corps and Junior Red Cross Society. After completing the schooling and graduation with merit scholarships I joined Indian School of Mines, the premier Institute for Earth science for Masters in applied Geology through national competition. Selected in National Education Test of UGC and with a scholarship from Council for Scientific and Industrial Research I completed M. Phil. Initially, 12 years I have worked in middle level management in various Defence production units mainly in the field of Administration, Industrial Relations, Human Resources, Estate and store. I got one year exposure in policy issues in Higher Technical Education. As the head of Coal Mines provident Fund Organization (CMPFO) for two years, I sought to improve the public service to benefit 7.5 lakh coal workers in the field of provident funds and pensions bringing reforms in a mission mode. SAP ERP was implemented in the organization which was first in govt. department in India. A bench mark was created in engaging multiple Fund Managers leading to transparency and fair competition. I had the exposure of Board level management in Mineral Exploration Corporation limited, a pan India Company as Director. Four years under my leadership, as the country head of computerization at Employees’ Provident Fund Organization (EPFO), the organization transformed from manual environment to fully computerized system. All receipts and payments of PF and pension became online making the life of 50 million poor workers easy removing all paper returns. The interactions are now through web and SMS reducing the footfalls of workers and employers in EPFO offices. 6 years, while working with the Federal Ministers for Water Resources, Rural Development and as the Director in coal ministry of Government of India, I have actively participated in development of macro level policies, its formulation and implementation. To name a few are; the National Water Policy, Land Use Policy for Inclusive Economic Development, Drinking Water and Sanitation, Corporate Social responsibility in coal sector, re-engagement of ex-service personnel in coal transportation, Poverty Eradication through National Rural Employment Guaranty Act to meet the Millennium Development Goal, programme were massive initiatives of the Government. I have played important role in the planning and monitoring of execution of such policy options. Additionally, I have been deeply engaged in my advisory role to the ministers to address the political and other socio-economic development issues of the different political provinces of India. Now I am working in top level management of Ordnance Equipment Factory, a Defence production Unit of India. The Mason program is intended to provide the analytical and leadership skills to implement major social and economic change. It has the sessions on experience sharing, strategic management, communication, and policy decision making. The curriculum also includes the applied economics, quantitative analysis, political institutions and globalisation. My extensive experience in multiple roles in different government departments of India will provide a good fit to contribute during the MPA programme as a Mason Fellow. My in-depth knowledge in important streams of public work will further allow me to perform effectively during my academic work at Harvard. I have credible track record of having developed and fostered enhanced level of partnership and cooperation between the stakeholders engaged in the faster socio-economic growth of India. I have demonstrated leadership skills by initiating several joint institution development activities with government, which all will be honed through a formal exposure to a MPA programme at Harvard. I have dreamt and aspired lately to be a Mason Fellow and would accomplish my personal goals of doing public good with improved knowledge and competence. I seek to join a mid career management course in public administration to sharpen my ideas in consonance with the emerging National and International Economic Scenario. I strongly feel MPA under Mason Programme, would provide me this opportunity to upgrade my capacity and equip me with latest management techniques. As I grow in my career, I would be required to take more responsibility and be associated in major policy making issues in govt. in the country.

Ladies Fashion Clothing Boutique Essay example -- Research Analysis, L

Throughout this essay, a thorough analysis will be made in relation to specific research on cultures of work in a particular work place. The workplace that will be focused on throughout this essay is a ladies fashion boutique. The main argument will focus on discourses of management throughout the concepts of what is considered as work in the retail sector, how the working environment is managed throughout the fashion industry, commitment in the workplace and relationship of teamwork. All these aspects of work will be tied in together to form a research based argument in relation to the fashion boutique. In order to produce a contextual framework of the notion of work, research will be based on primary research from an interview with the manager of the ladies fashion boutique and observations of the boutique. Throughout the use of the interviewing being incorporated into this essay, theoretical concepts and scholarly articles will be used to back up the focus on discourses of managem ent within the perspective of what is considered as work in the work place. Due to ethical reasons, I will be making reference to the manager of the boutique by the name of Anna. In reference to the notion of work within the ladies fashion boutique, before focusing on that, firstly a brief overview about the company, the workplace and what it provides to customers and the fashion industry. The ladies fashion company offers a diverse range of fashion clothing and accessories for contemporary Australian woman. The wide clothing range caters for women that are 25 years of age and up as well as offering sizes ranged from 8 to 16 to suit their individual needs. The retail sector has become a significant focus throughout the fashion industry and the way... ...ries to consumers. In conclusion, throughout this essay, it has become evident that there are various discourses of management within the workplace environment. Specifically, in relation the Ladies Fashion Clothing Boutique being the main case study throughout the above discussion in overall relation to the topic of cultures of work within the workplace environment. Thorough contextual research has been analysed and discussed in relation to what is considered as work, commitment in the workplace and the notion of teamwork within the workplace, all in accordance to the above relevant case study. Evidently, inclusion of primary research methods from interview questions and observations of the workplace have thoroughly been put into context with theoretical concepts within cultures of work as well as consistent support from scholarly articles and books.

Old and New Government Accounting Distinguished

OLD AND NEW GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING SYSTEM DISTINGUISHED | OLD| NEW|Accounting Entries| * Manual * Maintains numerous special journals with several wide columns| * Computerized * Simplified and updated accounting system| Commission on Audit| Journalizes the appropriation and allotment released by the Department of Budget & Management | No longer journalizes the appropriation and allotment released by the Department of Budget & Management | Bureau of Treasury| Accounting rules & regulations pertaining to cash operations, collections, remittances and disbursements are issued by the COA, jointly or with the concurrence of Department of Finance and the Department of Budget & Management. | Bureau of Treasury maintains the Registry of NCA & Replenishments (RENREP) for control & monitoring of NCA bank transfers released by the Department of Budget & Management. Government Agency| * Does not journalize the Notice of Cash Allocation (NCA) it receives which in effect, identifies the share of age ncy in the income of the national government. * Journalizes its appropriations and allotments. | * Now journalizes the Notice of Cash Allocation (NCA) it receives which in effect, identifies the share of agency in the income of the national government. * No longer journalize its appropriations and allotments; instead it shall maintain the ff. : Registry of Allotments and Obligations- Personal Services (RAOPS), Registry of Allotments and Obligations- Maintenance and other Operating Expenses (RAOMO), Registry of Allotments and Obligations- Capital Outlay (RAOCO), Registry of Allotments and Obligations- Financial Expenses (RAOFE). Basis of Accounting * Expenses * Income and Revenue| Accrual & Cash Basis shall be taken up in the accounts of that year recognized when earned except in case of taxes, where revenues that remain unrealized at the close of the fiscal year shall not be recognized| Modified Accrual Basis recognized when incurred & reported in the F/S shall be recognized on accr ual basis except for transactions where accrual basis is impractical or when other methods are required by law| Fund| All income accruing to the agencies shall accrue to the General Fund of the government and all money collected on any tax levied for a special purpose shall be treated as Special Fund. | Adopts one fund concept and that is the General Fund| Chart of Accounts & Coding Structure| * Six-digit account numbering system * There are contingent accounts. * Expenditures charged to capital outlay are classified as expenses. | * Three-digit account numbering system * There are no longer contingent accounts. * Expenditures charged to capital outlay are classified as expenses. Books of Original Entries| Journal of Collections & Deposits, Journal of Disbursements, Journal of Checks, Issued, Journal & Analysis of Obligations & Journal of Bills are being used| – no longer used, only the General Journal shall be used namely (1) Cash Receipt Journal, (2) Cash Journal, (3) Check Disbursements Journal and (4) Cash Disbursements Journal| Trial Balance| Four-money column listings of all general ledger accounts used in the operations of the agency, whether, the accounts are with or without balance| Two-money column| Financial Expenses| Recognized as components of Maintenance & Other Operating Expenses (MOOE)| Shall be separately classified from Maintenance & Other Operating Expenses (MOOE)| Contingent Accounts| Used to record claims for accounts in dispute| No longer be used, all financial transactions shall be recorded using the appropriate accounts| Corollary Entry & Negative Journal Entries| Being used| Discontinued | Journals used| Cash Journal and General Journal are used together with the ledgers by both books. | With the implementation of the computerized agency accounting system, only the General Journal shall be used together with the ledgers by both books. |